Summary
This study examines how some people support the role of men prescribed by the caring masculinity concept and traditional gender role ideology and clarifies whether their adherence to caring masculinity influences the behaviors of married men with children under 12 years of age living in four Asian cities. The study revealed that participants in Seoul, Taipei, and Hong Kong significantly adhere to the caring masculinity model, which encourages men to hold caring in high regard. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it addresses the gap in the literature pertaining to inadequate information on whether those who subscribe to masculinity norms such as the caring masculinity model contribute to the equal division of domestic work among women and men. Further, our results have important implications in gender-based policymaking, particularly in Asian countries.

Objectives

• To analyze how Asian men support the role of men prescribed by the caring masculinity concept and traditional gender role ideology.
• To examine whether Asian men's adherence to caring masculinity influences their behaviors.
• To evaluate whether the model of caring masculinity contributes to the equal division of domestic work in four Asian cities.

Subject Codes: child care, gender roles, equality
Population Codes: Asian/Pacific Islander, international (non-U.S.),
Method and Approach Codes: quantitative methodology, regression: linear (simple, multiple, hierarchical), secondary data analysis

Summary
Prior research suggests that supportive early relationships are critical to young children’s development. Yet, much of the previous research has focused on specific aspects of parenting practices that impact infants’ and toddlers’ development. Thus, additional research is needed for a more nuanced understanding of the relationship among family characteristics, parenting behaviors, and infants’ and toddlers’ social-emotional development. The current study is a secondary data analysis that focuses on parenting behaviors and child outcomes. Our results suggest that parent demographic characteristics, including parenting stress and income, were directly associated with the social-emotional outcomes of their infants and toddlers. Additionally, specific parenting behaviors were directly associated with infant and toddler social-emotional competence. Because both family characteristics and parenting behaviors are linked with child social-emotional outcomes, our results hold implications for programs like Early Head Start, such as differentiating services for families with different characteristics.

Objectives

• To examine the association between family characteristics and infants' and toddlers' social-emotional skills.
• To examine the association between parenting behaviors and infants' and toddlers' social-emotional skills.
• To demonstrate how the findings of our study could impact the service delivery model of early childhood programs like Early Head Start.

Subject Codes: parent-child relationships, parenting,
Population Codes: early childhood, low income,
Method and Approach Codes: quantitative methodology, mediation/indirect effects models, secondary data analysis

Summary
Although numerous benefits have been linked to family dinners (e.g., Hammons & Fiese, 2011; Jones, 2018), parents often report challenges such as limited time, feeling tired, picky eating and other barriers that get in the way of establishing and maintaining healthy and consistent family dinners (e.g., Fulkerson et al., 2011). This pilot study examines the effectiveness of a newly designed family mealtime calendar website to test its ability to improve the consistency of family dinners and get children more involved in meal planning and meal preparation. Participants included 100 parents of 5-to-8-year-old children. After completing pre-test surveys and having access to the meal calendar website for one month, 89 participants completed post-test surveys. Findings suggest the website helped parents to plan meals more in advance and children were more likely to get involved in meal planning and mealtime tasks. Web-based interventions are promising options for improve mealtime planning and consistency.

Objectives

• To assess current strategies that parents use to plan healthy and consistent meals.
• To assess current strategies that parents use to prepare and cook healthy and consistent meals.
• To assess the effectiveness of the family meal calendar website intervention tool to see if it will increase the frequency of family meals, and if it will motivate parents to engage their school-aged children in planning and preparing family dinners.

Subject Codes: nutrition, technology, physical health
Population Codes: middle childhood, middle income, obesity
Method and Approach Codes: interventions, evaluation, mixed-methodology

Summary
We aim to investigate the latent classes of helicopter parenting and their relationships with college students’ game- and social media-related addictive behaviors in the U.S. and China. 1,402 mother-child and 1,225 father-child pairs in the U.S., and 527 mother-child and 426 father-child pairs in China are included in our sample. Using latent class analysis, four classes of helicopter parenting were identified in the U.S. (strong, moderate, mild, and weak) and three classes were identified in China (strong, moderate, and weak). Results showed that students with parents identified in the strong helicopter parenting class reported higher game and social media addictive behaviors than those in mild and weak classes in the U.S., but not in China. Our findings indicate that helicopter parenting is a multidimensional construct in both American and Chinese families, but its impact on college students’ game and social media addictive behaviors differs between the two countries.

Objectives

• To identify the latent profiles of helicopter parenting construct in the U.S. and Chinese context.
• To investigate the associations between different profiles of helicopter parenting and students' game- and social media- addictive behaviors.
• To examine the role of culture in determining the effect of helicopter parenting on students' game- and social media- addictive behaviors.

Subject Codes: parenting, risky behaviors, context
Population Codes: emerging/young adulthood, cross-cultural,
Method and Approach Codes: structural equation modeling (SEM), cross-cultural, qualitative methodology

Summary
This study is aiming to discuss the relationship between the parenting types of main caregivers and children children’s autonomy. And the study is conducted with the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire has a total of 29 kindergartens and takes 666 main caregivers of children from the original eight administrative regions of Taichung’s public preschool as the research object.The results of this study are as following: 1. The major parenting type of main caregivers is authoritative, accounting for 36%; uninvolved type follow by 34%; finally are pampered with permissive and authoritarian parenting, accounting for 15% respectively. 2. The performance of children children’s autonomy in Taichung region is overall more "interactive autonomy" than “functional autonomy ”. 3.Main caregivers who adopt the authoritative teaching style have a higher level of reaction and requirements to children, and the autonomy showed by children has higher grades in the interactive aspect and functioning aspect.

Objectives

• To discuss the status under the different background of variables children and the parenting types of their main caregivers, as well as the differences of parenting methods.
• To discuss the status under the different background of variables children and the development of children children’s autonomy conducted by their main caregivers, as well as the differences of children autonomy.
• To discuss the relevance between the parenting types of main caregivers and the performance of children children’s autonomy.

Subject Codes: parenting, caregiving, parent-child relationships
Population Codes: Family Life Education, early childhood education, pre-school
Method and Approach Codes: quantitative methodology, ,

Summary
Parenting stress affects parents of all backgrounds and has important implications for parents’ health and well-being. Issues in marital relationship and specific parenting behaviors could lead to parenting stress. This study aims to examine the roles of marital dissatisfaction and parental indulgence in their relation to parenting stress. Guided by the family systems theory and family stress theory, we propose that marital dissatisfaction would be positively related to parenting stress, and that this association is mediated by indulgent parenting. The sample came from 181 parents of adolescents from several high schools in a southern area in the U.S. Participants completed an online survey. Preliminary results from structural equation modeling suggested that marital dissatisfaction was positively associated with parenting stress, and that indulgent parenting partially mediated the association. The findings could inform family therapy practitioners to consider parenting in a family system and target parental indulgence while addressing parenting stress.

Objectives

• To apply family systems theory and family stress theory in marital relationship and parenting
• To examine the role of indulgent parenting in linking marital dissatisfaction and parenting stress
• To inform prevention and interventions practices to reduce parenting stress

Subject Codes: parenting, stress, family relations
Population Codes: adolescence, biological parent,
Method and Approach Codes: quantitative methodology, path analysis,

Summary
Guided by the life course perspective, the present study aims to understand culturally specific reflections on parenting experiences among middle-aged Korean immigrant mothers. This study explored how Korean American mothers in their child launching phase make sense of their parenting challenges and accomplishments in an immigration context. Analysis of semi-structured interviews with study participants (N=10) revealed how their parenting approach has evolved over time while navigating two parenting cultures. Despite regrets about insufficient parental support due to challenges in a new environment, these mothers reported satisfaction with their children’s psychological and relational maturity. Looking back on the past years, the mothers found that their parenting experiences facilitated personal growth and acculturation in the U.S. society. Those findings are expected to advance understanding of midlife transitions among immigrant mothers as well as their perspectives on the relationships with young adult children, which has implications for culturally sensitive research and practice.

Objectives

• To explore Korean American mothers’ reflections on their parenting experience in an immigrant context.
• To analyze culturally specific parental satisfaction and regrets during child launching period.
• To understand Korean American mothers’ perspectives on parenting approach and acculturation process.

Subject Codes: parenting, immigration, motherhood
Population Codes: migrant, Asian/Pacific Islander, middle adulthood
Method and Approach Codes: qualitative methodology, phenomenology, narrative

Summary
Even though numerous research related to the impact of individuals' attachment styles on marital well-being, satisfaction, and quality has achieved remarkable progress, studies to support the hypothesis that individuals' attachment patterns may influence their attitudes toward marriage are insufficient and necessitate more empirical study. Previous research has demonstrated the causal relationship between individual attachment style and emotional intimacy. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the impact of attachment styles on attitudes toward marriage and the mediating role of emotional intimacy among 200 participants at a southeastern university in the United States.

Objectives

• To investigate the impact of individuals' attachment patterns on attitudes toward marriage andthe potential mediating effect of emotional intimacy
• To analyze the significance of individuals’ emotional intimacy in shaping how people feel and think about marriage as juniors and seniors in college
• To justify the need to develop and validate more inclusive assessment tools to measure marital attitudes of diverse types/definitions of marriage

Subject Codes: parent-child relationships, family formation, interpersonal relationships
Population Codes: emerging/young adulthood, undergraduate students,
Method and Approach Codes: quantitative methodology, path analysis, mediation/indirect effects models

Summary
Mothers who are emotionally available help their children develop a secure attachment. Although parenting quality and infant attachment security are regarded as generally stable, a number of studies have also reported changes in these constructs in response to the family environment, especially during infancy where formative developmental changes and transitions occur. Potential sources of influence on changes in parent-child relationships include household chaos (HC), one of the contextual factors. HC has been found to be disruptive of parenting quality. Using Hidden Markov Models, we aimed to describe latent states of infant-mother dyadic relationships, and how these dyadic states of infant-mother relationships changed or remained the same depending on the levels of household chaos. The results suggested that mother-infant dyads who were characterized with low- to mid- level mothering quality and attachment security were highly affected by HC levels, whereas dyads who exhibited high quality infant-mother relationship were not.

Objectives

• To examine temporal dynamics of parenting quality and infant-mother attachment security in the second year
• To examine the effects of household chaos on the temporal development ofparenting quality and infant-mother attachment security
• To describe a set of latent (hidden) states of infant-mother dyadic relationships based on mothering quality and infant-mother attachment security

Subject Codes: developmental issues, family functioning, parent-child relationships
Population Codes: Multiracial or ethnic, early childhood, middle income
Method and Approach Codes: longitudinal modeling, latent variable modeling, longitudinal research